https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50452 Wed 26 Jul 2023 13:14:54 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42463 p < 0.002) and smallest with metronidazole (22.7%, p = 0.18). Overall, 8.9% (95% confidence interval: 3.9-13.9) of patients had AEs severe enough to discontinue antibiotic therapy. In PSC patients, antibiotic treatment results in a significant improvement in markers of cholestasis and MRS. Antibiotics, particularly vancomycin, may have a positive effect on PSC either via direct effects on the microbiome or via host-mediated mechanisms.]]> Wed 24 Aug 2022 11:23:40 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25052 Bacteroidales family S24-7 is a prominent example of one of these groups. Marker gene surveys indicate that members of this family are highly localized to the gastrointestinal tracts of homeothermic animals and are increasingly being recognized as a numerically predominant member of the gut microbiota; however, little is known about the nature of their interactions with the host. Results: Here, we provide the first whole genome exploration of this family, for which we propose the name "Candidatus Homeothermaceae," using 30 population genomes extracted from fecal samples of four different animal hosts: human, mouse, koala, and guinea pig. We infer the core metabolism of "Ca. Homeothermaceae" to be that of fermentative or nanaerobic bacteria, resembling that of related Bacteroidales families. In addition, we describe three trophic guilds within the family, plant glycan (hemicellulose and pectin), host glycan, and a-glucan, each broadly defined by increased abundance of enzymes involved in the degradation of particular carbohydrates. Conclusions: "Ca. Homeothermaceae" representatives constitute a substantial component of the murine gut microbiota, as well as being present within the human gut, and this study provides important first insights into the nature of their residency. The presence of trophic guilds within the family indicates the potential for niche partitioning and specific roles for each guild in gut health and dysbiosis.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:06:09 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53688 Wed 10 Jan 2024 10:34:54 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46015  0.5). Conclusions: In FD patients, the response to antimicrobial therapy with rifaximin is not influenced by concomitant IBS symptoms.]]> Tue 08 Nov 2022 18:38:07 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33993 Firmicutes, specifically Streptococcus and Veillonella spp. The relative abundance of the genus Rothia was also observed to be greater in current smokers; while in contrast, levels of Prevotella and Neisseria were lower. The MAM profiles and diversity of previous smokers were observed to be intermediate between current and never smokers. Smoking did not impact the total density of bacteria present on the mucosa. Conclusions: These data indicate the duodenal MAM of current smokers is characterised by reduced bacterial diversity, which is partially but not completely restored in previous smokers. While the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these microbiota changes may in some part explain the adverse effects of smoking on mucosa-associated diseases of the GI tract. Smoking status requires consideration when interpreting MAM data.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 17:58:12 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51213 Thu 24 Aug 2023 14:59:28 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32070 Thu 21 Oct 2021 12:50:56 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41177 Thu 18 Apr 2024 12:11:34 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33310 Thu 09 Dec 2021 11:02:14 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31427 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Crohn's disease (CD). It is possible this could be accounted for by confounders such as antibiotic therapy. Analyzing the geographic distribution of H. pylori and the links with the incidence and prevalence of CD would be an alternative approach to circumvent these confounders. Methods: The literature was searched for studies published between 1990 and 2016 that reported incidence or prevalence data for CD in random population samples in developed countries (GDP per capita > 20,000 USD/year). Corresponding prevalence studies for H. pylori in these same regions were then sought matched to the same time period (±6 years). The association between the incidence and prevalence of CD and H. pylori prevalence rates were assessed before and after adjusting for GDP and life expectancy. Results: A total of 19 CD prevalence and 22 CD incidence studies from 10 European countries, Japan, USA, and Australia with date-matched H. pylori prevalence data were identified. The mean H. pylori prevalence rate was 43.4% (range 15.5-85%), and the mean rates for incidence and prevalence for CD were 6.9 and 91.0/100,000 respectively. The incidence (r = -0.469, p < 0.03) and prevalence (r = -0.527, p = 0.02) of CD was inversely and significantly associated with prevalence of H. pylori infection. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate a significant inverse association between geographic distribution of H. pylori and CD. Thus, it is highly unlikely that the findings of previous case control studies were simply due to confounding factors such as concomitant antibiotic use in CD patients.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:43:14 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18254 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:04:34 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24895 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:14:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24504 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:13:11 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43586 Mon 26 Sep 2022 12:31:48 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42367 Mon 22 Aug 2022 14:08:53 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45460 P = .37) but was significantly more prevalent in IBS-C as compared to IBS-D (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.7–5.6, P = .0001). The prevalence of methane-positive SIBO in patients with IBD was 3-fold lower at 7.4% (95% CI 5.4–9.8) compared to 23.5% (95% CI 19.8–27.5) in controls. The prevalence of methane positive SIBO was significantly lower in Crohn’s disease as compared to ulcerative colitis, (5.3%, 95% CI 3.0–8.5 vs. 20.2%, 95% CI 12.8–29.4). This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests methane positivity on breath testing is positively associated with IBS-C and inversely with IBD. However, the quality of evidence is low largely due to clinical heterogeneity of the studies. Thus, causality is uncertain and further studies are required.]]> Fri 28 Oct 2022 14:29:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49370 Fri 12 May 2023 13:38:14 AEST ]]>